Call the shots

Educational animation: Who should call the shots?

Despite the increasing popularity of animation for explaining dynamic subject matter, research shows it is not uniformly beneficial for learning. User control has been suggested as a way to enhance learning by ameliorating negative effects of animation. However, giving learners the responsibility for controlling how an animation presents its information does not always produce the anticipated b...

T-cell costimulation: T cells themselves call the shots

The CD40L molecule expressed by CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes is known to deliver signals that activate B cells and macrophages. It now appears that CD40L regulates T cells themselves, during both their development and their participation in adaptive immune responses.

Male mating strategies under predation risk: do females call the shots?

Many authors have reported that, under elevated risk of predation, male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) alter their behavior from courtship to forced copulation (gonopodial thrusts not preceded by sigmoid displays). This shift is presumed to benefit the brightly colored male, whose intense courting activity might otherwise increase his risk of detection and attack by predators. However, there is ...

Molecular Shots

doi : 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210311 Immunostaining pictures of rat cerebellar granule neurons treated with cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Apoptotic cell death occurred in cerebellar granule neurons but not astrocytes. 6 days culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons A) in control B,C,D) treated with cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. Rhodamine-123 that fluor...

Molecular Shots